Anhidrosis
Definition:
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. When you don't perspire, your body can't cool itself, which can lead to overheating and sometimes to heatstroke — a potentially fatal condition.
Anhidrosis — sometimes called hypohidrosis — can be difficult to diagnose. Mild anhidrosis often goes unrecognized, and dozens of factors can cause the condition, including skin trauma and certain diseases and medications. You can inherit anhidrosis or develop it later in life.
Treatment of anhidrosis involves addressing the underlying cause, if one can be found.
Symptoms:
Signs and symptoms of anhidrosis include:
Anhidrosis can develop on its own or as one of several signs and symptoms of another disorder, such as diabetes, neuropathy or psoriasis.
When to see a doctor
If you barely sweat, even when it's hot or you're working or exercising strenuously, talk to your doctor. Talk to your doctor if you notice you're sweating less than usual. Because anhidrosis increases your risk of heatstroke, seek medical care if you develop any signs or symptoms of a heat-related illness, such as:
Anhidrosis occurs when your sweat glands stop working, and this can happen for a number of reasons.
Nerve damage
Your autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary actions, such as digestion, heartbeat, blood pressure and body temperature. Injuries to your nerves that control this system can affect the functioning of your sweat glands.
Many illnesses can damage your autonomic nerves, including:
This occurs when your body doesn't have enough fluids to carry out its normal functions. In the most serious cases, dehydration can interfere with your ability to sweat.
Dehydration may be caused by:
Complications:
Heat-related illnesses are the most serious complications of anhidrosis. Children are especially vulnerable because their core temperatures rise faster than adults, and they dissipate heat less efficiently. All children should be monitored closely for overheating, but extra precautions should be taken when a child has anhidrosis.
Heat-related problems include:
Treatments and drugs:
Treatment isn't always necessary
Anhidrosis that affects a small part of your body usually isn't a problem and doesn't need treatment. But large areas of decreased perspiration can be life-threatening. Treatments may be available for the condition that's causing the anhidrosis.
Treating heat-related problems
Overheating needs prompt treatment to prevent symptoms from becoming worse.
Heat cramps
To relieve cramping:
When someone develops symptoms of heat exhaustion, such as nausea, dizziness and a rapid heartbeat, act quickly:
Heatstroke requires immediate medical care. This condition can be fatal if left untreated. Until help arrives:
Definition:
Anhidrosis is the inability to sweat normally. When you don't perspire, your body can't cool itself, which can lead to overheating and sometimes to heatstroke — a potentially fatal condition.
Anhidrosis — sometimes called hypohidrosis — can be difficult to diagnose. Mild anhidrosis often goes unrecognized, and dozens of factors can cause the condition, including skin trauma and certain diseases and medications. You can inherit anhidrosis or develop it later in life.
Treatment of anhidrosis involves addressing the underlying cause, if one can be found.
Symptoms:
Signs and symptoms of anhidrosis include:
- Little or no perspiration
- Dizziness
- Muscle cramps or weakness
- Flushing
- Feeling hot
- Over most of your body
- In a single area
- In scattered patches
Anhidrosis can develop on its own or as one of several signs and symptoms of another disorder, such as diabetes, neuropathy or psoriasis.
When to see a doctor
If you barely sweat, even when it's hot or you're working or exercising strenuously, talk to your doctor. Talk to your doctor if you notice you're sweating less than usual. Because anhidrosis increases your risk of heatstroke, seek medical care if you develop any signs or symptoms of a heat-related illness, such as:
- Weakness
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Rapid heartbeat
- Goose pimples on the skin, despite warm temperatures
Anhidrosis occurs when your sweat glands stop working, and this can happen for a number of reasons.
Nerve damage
Your autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary actions, such as digestion, heartbeat, blood pressure and body temperature. Injuries to your nerves that control this system can affect the functioning of your sweat glands.
Many illnesses can damage your autonomic nerves, including:
- Ross syndrome, a peripheral nerve disorder
- Diabetes
- Alcoholism
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple system atrophy, a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder
- Amyloidosis, caused by a buildup of substances called amyloid proteins in your organs
- Sjogren's syndrome, which causes dry eyes and mouth
- Small cell lung cancer
- Rare metabolic disorders, such as Fabry disease
- Horner syndrome, which damages nerves in your face and eye
- Clogged ducts. Skin diseases or conditions that block sweat ducts (poral occlusion) are the most common cause of anhidrosis.
- Skin injuries. Physical injury to your skin, especially from severe burns, can permanently damage your sweat glands.
- Many prescription medications — including some for heart and blood pressure, bladder control, nausea and psychiatric conditions — can reduce sweating.
- Perspiration usually returns to normal when the medications are stopped.
- If you develop anhidrosis after starting a new medication, let your doctor know.
- Some genetic disorders cause sweat glands to malfunction.
- Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, an inherited disorder, causes the body to develop with few, if any, sweat glands.
This occurs when your body doesn't have enough fluids to carry out its normal functions. In the most serious cases, dehydration can interfere with your ability to sweat.
Dehydration may be caused by:
- An intense bout of diarrhea and vomiting
- A very high fever
- Excessive sweating without replacing lost fluids
- Increased urination — often as a result of undiagnosed or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus
- Alcohol and certain medications, such as diuretics, antihistamines, blood pressure medications and some psychiatric drugs
Complications:
Heat-related illnesses are the most serious complications of anhidrosis. Children are especially vulnerable because their core temperatures rise faster than adults, and they dissipate heat less efficiently. All children should be monitored closely for overheating, but extra precautions should be taken when a child has anhidrosis.
Heat-related problems include:
- Heat cramps. These muscle spasms, which can tighten
muscles in your legs, arms, abdomen and back, are generally more
painful and prolonged than are typical nighttime leg cramps.
- Heat exhaustion. Symptoms, such as
weakness, nausea and a rapid heartbeat, usually begin after strenuous
exercise. Anyone with heat exhaustion should be monitored carefully
because symptoms can quickly become worse.
- Heatstroke. This life-threatening condition occurs when your body temperature reaches 104 F (40 C) or higher. If not treated immediately, heatstroke can cause hallucinations, loss of consciousness, coma and even death.
Treatments and drugs:
Treatment isn't always necessary
Anhidrosis that affects a small part of your body usually isn't a problem and doesn't need treatment. But large areas of decreased perspiration can be life-threatening. Treatments may be available for the condition that's causing the anhidrosis.
Treating heat-related problems
Overheating needs prompt treatment to prevent symptoms from becoming worse.
Heat cramps
To relieve cramping:
- Rest and cool down.
- Drink cool fruit juice or a sports drink that contains electrolytes.
- Get medical care if cramps become worse or don't go away in about an hour.
- Wait at least several hours before returning to strenuous activity.
When someone develops symptoms of heat exhaustion, such as nausea, dizziness and a rapid heartbeat, act quickly:
- Move the person into a shady or air-conditioned space, and elevate his or her legs slightly.
- Loosen the person's clothing, and remove any heavy pieces of clothing.
- Have the person drink cool, not iced, water or a sports drink that contains electrolytes.
- Spray or sponge the person with cool water.
- If symptoms don't improve quickly, call 911 or emergency medical help.
Heatstroke requires immediate medical care. This condition can be fatal if left untreated. Until help arrives:
- Move the person into the shade or an air-conditioned space.
- Start the cooling process by spraying the skin with water or wrapping the person in wet towels or sheets, and use a fan or newspaper to increase air circulation.
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